Romania after the War (1945 - 1947)

Profiting of the presence of soviet occupation troops in Romania, the communists succeded to reach into leading State machinary. Also, during the govern leaded by general N. Rădescu (6th December 1944 - 28th February 1945), the communists helped by the soviets, passed the treatings. On 6th March 1945, Moscow imposed by force a communist govern leaded by Petru Groza who will pass to the ''sovietising'' of the country. This govern marked the settle up at power of communist regime and the abbolish of democracy.

So it began purges and deportations, confines into camps for political prisoners, it was instituted the censorship. In this circumstance, the king Mihai demand the govern to resign. Because Groza refuses, it reached to ''royal strike'' when the suveran didn't want to sign the decrees of govern. The king hoped that through his deed to provoke Groza's resignation, but the latter gave up of king's signature.

On 8th November 1945, on king's name day, it took place at Bucharest in Palace Square the first great anticommunist demonstration which ended with numerous victims: arrested men, deads and woundes.

After international recognice of Groza's govern, at 4th Februray 1946 it began the political processes. It aimed practically the pshisical extermination of political opponents of communist regime. After the framed processes, it were convicted to death the marshal Ion Antonescu ans some of his assistants. The first parliamentary ellections after war (19th November 1946), although they were gained by democratic forces, they were falsified flagrantly by communists.

Through the peace concluded with Allied and Associated Powers, signed at 10th February at Paris, to Romania it was not recognised its statute of cobeligetant country. The soviet troops had to stay on Romania's teritory 90 days, but in fact they remained till 1958. Bassarabia, the Northern Bucovina and Herța land remaind to USSR. It canceled the Dictate from Wien and so, the Northen Transylvania came back to the country that had it by right - to Romania.

On 1947, the rythm of sovietising intensified. The economical measures that were taken (the nationalisation of National Bank, the coin reform) meaned the begining of a centralised economy. Also, on political plan it produced the liquidation of political democratic opposition. On April 1947 it organised the frame-up from Tămădău, on which were involved leaders of National Peasant's Party. The peasants leaders headed by Iuliu Maniu were arrested and convicted to many years of prison.

In the same year, it finished its existence the Labourist Party, being removed from govern Gh. Tătărăscu and his colaborators. So, the Communist Party becomes the unic party, the outstandind of a dictatorial regime, which overlooked hardly the individual rights and freedom.

After 1947, the Monarchy had in Romania attributions especially to a pertaining level. The king Mihai assited, less having the intervention possibility to flagrant infringement of democratic, political life. He became in 1947 the single impediment on the way of fully comoniseing of the country. In the same time, Romania was the single country from this zone which still kept the Monarchy institution.

Coming back in the country at 21st December 1947, after his visit in England, the king Mihai was required of any internal and external support - the most important ministers belong to communists. (the External Ministry and the National Defendance Ministry).

Under these terms, during the audience requested by Petru Groza and accorder by king Mihai, at 30th December 1947, under prim-minister's and Gheorghe Gheorghiu Dej's threatenings, the suveran is obliged to abdicate. In the same day Romania was proclamed Republic. The Presidium of Popular Romanian Republic, composed of Mihail Sadoveanu, Constantin I. Parhon, Gheorghe Stere, Ion Niculi, Ștefan Voitec had only a figuratuve role, because the decision factor remained the communist party.

The removing of Monarchy at 30th December 1947 created the conditions for taking the whole political power by communists who made a developing direction entirely against the democratic spirit of romanian people.

The consequences of sovietising had reppercussions not only on economical and political life, but also on national culture. A great number of art and science men reached in prison, and great personalities were complete marginalized. Still from July 1946 were forbiden 2000 titles among them some creations of Vasile Alecsandri, C. Negruzzi, G. Cosbuc, truely ''head books'' in our culture.

These measures, so severe and absurde were taken after a period of a great cultural tumult on which, starting from the reconsider of traditional sources, it reached to the evaluation of national specific without ignore the open to universal culture. So, in literature, it reached from the peasantry thematics to the ''dadaism'' promoted by Ilarie Voronca, or the absurde theatre of Eugen Ionescu. A new aspect had the plastic art, especially through Brâncusi's genial contribution. The historiography was dominated by Nicolae Iorga with his activity of titan, but also by Gheorghe Brătianu's contribution or C.C. Giurăscu's work. In philosophy it remarked: Lucian Blaga, Nichifor Crainic, Nae Ionescu and others. Dimitrie Gusti created an original sociology school, while Virgil Madgearu or Gheorghe Zanc lied the basis of modern romanian economical thinking.

An important role had the scientists from technical science field among them Henri Coandă, Gogu Constantinescu, Stefan Procopiu, Sefania Mărăcineanu and so on.

The communist regime had to break off this period so fertil. Many personalities as: Georghe Enescu, Dinu Lipatti, Mircea Eliade, Emil Cioran and others continued to create in exile, further on, giving proof pf creative spirit of our people, contributing to the enrichment of universal culture, patrimony.